(cotton) textiles

منسوجات قطنية

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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Cotton was originally employed in Loughborough and became one of the first specialized hosiery-machine builders. After the introduction of the latch needle by Matthew Townsend in 1856, knitting frames developed rapidly. The circular frame was easier to work automatically, but attempts to apply power to the flat frame, which could produce fully fashioned work, culminated in 1863 with William Cotton's machine. In that year he invented a machine that could make a dozen or more stockings or hose simultaneously and knit fashioned garments of all kinds. The difficulty was to reduce automatically the number of stitches in the courses where the hose or garment narrowed to give it shape. Cotton had early opportunities to apply himself to the improvement of hosiery machines while employed in the patent shop of Cartwright \& Warner of Loughborough, where some of the first rotaries were made. He remained with the firm for twenty years, during which time sixty or seventy of these machines were turned out. Cotton then established a factory for the manufacture of warp fabrics, and it was here that he began to work on his ideas. He had no knowledge of the principles of engineering or drawing, so his method of making sketches and then getting his ideas roughed out involved much useless labour. After twelve years, in 1863, a patent was issued for the machine that became the basis of the Cotton's Patent type. This was a flat frame driven by rotary mechanism and remarkable for its adaptability. At first he built his machine upright, like a cottage piano, but after much thought and experimentation he conceived the idea of turning the upper part down flat so that the needles were in a vertical position instead of being horizontal, and the work was carried off horizontally instead of vertically. His first machine produced four identical pieces simultaneously, but this number was soon increased. Cotton was induced by the success of his invention to begin machine building as a separate business and thus established one of the first of a class of engineering firms that sprung up as an adjunct to the new hosiery manufacture. He employed only a dozen men and turned out six machines in the first year, entering into an agreement with Hine \& Mundella for their exclusive use. This was later extended to the firm of I. \& R.Morley. In 1878, Cotton began to build on his own account, and the business steadily increased until it employed some 200 workers and had an output of 100 machines a year.

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See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA

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Anthelm, Ludwig

Arkwright, Sir Richard

Arnold, Aza

Austin, John

Bauer, H.

Berthollet, Claude-Louis

Bevan, Edward John

Bigelow, Erastus Brigham

Blanchard, Helen Augusta

Bloch, Jacob

Bodmer, Johann Georg

Bouchon, Basile

Bourn, Daniel

Caro, Heinrich

Carothers, Wallace Hume

Cartwright, Revd Edmund

Casablancas, Fernando

Cockerill, William

Cosnier, Hugues

Cotchett, Thomas

Cotton, William

Crompton, Samuel

Crosby, Caresse

Cross, Charles Frederick

Crossley, Sir Francis

Crossley, Joseph

Dale, David

Dawson, William

Deacon, Henry

Deverill, Hooton

Dickson, J.T.

Diggle, Squire

Donisthorpe, George Edmond

Dore, Samuel Griswold

Dyer, John

Dyer, Joseph Chessborough

Ewart, Peter

Fairbairn, Sir Peter

Falcon

Gartside

Girard, Philippe de

Gorton, Richard

Goulding, John

Hannart, Louis

Hargreaves, James

Heathcote, John

Heilmann, Josué

Highs, Thomas

Holden, Sir Isaac

Houldsworth, Henry

Howe, Elias

Jacquard, Joseph-Marie

Johnson, Thomas

Jolly-Bellin, Jean-Baptiste

Judson, Whitcomb L.

Kay (of Bury), John

Kay (of Warrington), John

Kay, Robert

Kelly, William

Kennedy, John

Knight, Margaret E.

Lee, Revd William

Levers, John

Lewis, John

Lister, Samuel Cunliffe

Lombe, John

Macintosh, Charles

Ma Jun

Marsden, Samuel

Martin, C.

Mercer, John

Miller, Robert

Möller, Anton

Need, Samuel

Noble, James

Northrop, James H.

Owen, Robert

Pääbo, Max

Paget, Arthur

Paul, Lewis

Pennington, William

Perkin, Sir William Henry

Popescu, Elena

Radcliffe, William

Roberts, Richard

Robinson, George J.

Salt, Sir Titus

Shipman, M.D.

Singer, Isaac Merritt

Skinner, Halcyon

Skola

Slater, Samuel

Smalley, John

Smith, J.

Snodgrass, Neil

Song Yingxing

Spencer, Christopher Miner

Strutt, Jedediah

Sundback, Gideon

Svaty, Vladimir

Tennant, Charles

Thimmonier, Barthélémy

Thomas, William

Thompson, A.

Thornley, David

Townsend, Matthew

Whitney, Eli

Wyatt, John

Zonca, Vittorio

• Cotton Textiles Arrangement

мануфактур|а - ж. тк. ед. (ткани) textiles pl. ;
~ный textile;
~ный магазин drapers`;
dry-goods store амер. ;
~ные изделия textiles.

* * *

* * *

1) истор. экон. manufactory; manufacturing

2) устар. ( текстильная фабрика)

3) только ед. ( ткани)

woven, textile.

1 fabric, material (tela).

el tejido social the fabric of society

2 tissue (anatomy).

tejido adiposo fatty tissue, adipose tissue (specialist term)

tejido blando soft tissue

3 knitting. ( Latin American Spanish)

4 web, intricate set of circumstances.

past participle of spanish verb: tejer.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (tela) fabric, textile

2 (textura) weave

3 ANATOMÍA tissue

4 figurado web, tissue

\

tejido adiposo fatty tissue

tejido de punto knitted fabric

tejido muscular muscle tissue, muscular tissue

tejido nervioso nervous tissue

tejido óseo bone tissue

* * *

1) tissue

2) fabric

3) texture

* * *

1) (=tela) fabric, material

2) (=trama) weave; (=textura) texture

3) (Anat) tissue

* * *

a) ( tela) fabric

b) ( de tela) weave

c) (AmL) (con agujas, máquina) knitting; ( con ganchillo) crochet

d) (Anat) tissue

* * *

= tissue, weave, weaving, skein, fabric.

Ex. One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.

Ex. Cloth styles began to change in the 1920s with the introduction of plain uncalendered materials that made a virtue of showing the pattern of the weave.

Ex. Again, in Class M7 Textiles we find that the Personality facet P is considered to be the Fibre (Cotton, Flax, Hemp, etc) and in the Energy facet are found the operations (Spinning, Weaving, Carding, etc.).

Ex. Unbridled photocopying will lead to the imminent demise of the communications skein.

Ex. The use of fabric softener may however reduce the water absorption capabilities of the fabric, and is contraindicated in some articles like microfibre.

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* confección de tejidos = weaving.

* cultivo de tejidos = tissue culture.

* deshacer lo tejido = unweave.

* fábrica de tejidos de algodón = mill, cotton mill.

* oxigenación de los tejidos = tissue oxygenation.

* tejido de intrigas = web of intrigue.

* tejido grueso de lana = duffel [duffle].

* tejido muy delicado = gossamer.

* tejidos = textiles.

* tejidos de decoración = soft furnishing.

* tejido social = social fabric.

* tejido social, el = social web, the, fabric of society, the.

* * *

a) ( tela) fabric

b) ( de tela) weave

c) (AmL) (con agujas, máquina) knitting; ( con ganchillo) crochet

d) (Anat) tissue

* * *

* * *

1 (tela) fabric

tejidos sintéticos synthetic fabrics o textiles

2 (de una tela) weave

una tela de tejido muy abierto a fabric with a very loose weave

3 ( AmL) (con agujas, máquina) knitting; (con ganchillo) crochet

4 (de una sociedad, un sistema) fabric

problemas que han dañado el tejido social problems which have damaged the fabric of society o the social fabric

5 ( Anat) tissue

tejido de cicatriz scar tissue

connective tissue

( RPl) wire gauze

knitted fabric

( RPI) wire gauze

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el participio

a) ( en telar) to weave;

◊ tejido a mano hand-woven

b) (con agujas, a máquina) to knit;

◊ máquina de tejido knitting machine

c) [ araña] to spin

a) ( tela) fabric;

◊ tejidos sintéticos synthetic fabrics

b) (AmL) (con agujas, máquina) knitting;

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tejido nm

1. [tela] fabric, material;

tejido sintético synthetic fabric

2. [en seres vivos] tissue

tejido blando soft tissue;

tejido cartilaginoso cartilaginous tissue;

tejido conjuntivo connective tissue;

tejido epitelial epithelial tissue;

tejido muscular muscular tissue;

tejido nervioso nerve tissue;

tejido óseo bone tissue, Espec osseous tissue

3. [estructura, sistema] fabric;

el tejido social/industrial del país the social/industrial fabric of the country;

el tejido asociativo de la sociedad the network of associations in society

4. Am [de lana] knitting;

¿dónde habré dejado mi tejido? where can I have left my knitting?

5. Am [labor] knitting;

prefiero el tejido a la costura I prefer knitting to sewing

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1 ( tela) fabric

2 ANAT tissue

* * *

tejido nm

1) tela: fabric, cloth

2) : weave, texture

3) : tissue

tejido muscular: muscle tissue

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tejido n

1. (tela) fabric / material

2. (en biología) tissue

spun.

1 spun flax, hemp, wool, silk, or cotton.

Hilado da, pp

2 production of thread, spinning of thread.

past participle of spanish verb: hilar.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (operación) spinning

2 (hilo) thread

► participio pasado

1→ link=hilar hilar

► adjetivo

1 spun

► nombre masculino hilado

1 (operación) spinning

2 (hilo) thread

\

fábrica de hilados spinning mill

tejidos de hilado spun textiles

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ADJ spun

2. SM

1) (=acto) spinning

2) (=hilo) thread, yarn

* * *

a) ( hilo) yarn, thread

b) ( proceso) spinning

* * *

= spinning.

Nota: Acción de hilar.

Ex. Again, in Class M7 Textiles we find that the Personality facet P is considered to be the Fibre (Cotton, Flax, Hemp, etc) and in the Energy facet are found the operations ( Spinning, Weaving, Carding, etc.).

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* hilado a mano = handspinning.

* hilado del algodón = cotton spinning.

* * *

a) ( hilo) yarn, thread

b) ( proceso) spinning

* * *

= spinning.

Nota: Acción de hilar.

* * *

huevo

1 (hilo) yarn, thread

fábrica de hilados spinning mill

2 (proceso) spinning

* * *

el participio

◊ hilado fino to split hairs

a) ‹algodón/lana› to spin;

b) ‹ideas/hechos› to string together

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hilado nm

1. [actividad] spinning

2. [fibra] yarn, thread

* * *

I adj spun

II m

1 acción spinning

2 fibra thread

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hilado nm

1) : spinning

2) hilo: yarn, thread

factory, industry, industrial plant, mill.

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► nombre femenino

1 (industria) factory, plant

2 (fabricación) manufacture

3 ARQUITECTURA masonry

■ las paredes son de fábrica the walls are made of stone

\

fábrica de cerveza brewery

fábrica de conservas cannery, canning factory

fábrica de gas gasworks

fábrica de harina flour mill

fábrica de montaje assembly plant

fábrica de papel paper mill

precio de fábrica factory price, ex-works price

* * *

1) factory

2) plant

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1) (=factoría) factory

2) (Arquit)

3) (=proceso) manufacture

4) And (=alambique) still, distillery

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femenino factory

* * *

= factory, manufacturing firm, manufactory, manufacturing enterprise, plant, manufacturing plant.

Ex. A thesaurus might advise the searcher that the following alternative terms might prove fruitful: factories and other more specific terms, e.g. Printing works.

Ex. Fee-for-service programmes can target non-traditional market segments such as pharmaceutical companies, lawyers, and manufacturing firms who regularly need and willingly pay a premium price for perishable medical information.

Ex. The strength of the book 'The American manufactory' lies in its detailed narratives of success and failure.

Ex. The author attempts to determine whether South African manufacturing enterprises used information to their competitive advantage.

Ex. The author describes the approach and its application to 2 different processes: coffee roasting and decaffeination in a Nestle plant.

Ex. Greater London constituted Britain's most important interwar centre for new manufacturing plants.

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* como salido de fábrica = in mint condition.

* fábrica azucarera = sugar mill.

* fábrica de azúcar = sugar factory.

* fábrica de azúcar de remolacha = beet sugar factory.

* fábrica de carruajes = carriage-making plant.

* fábrica de cemento = cement plant.

* fábrica de cerámica = ceramics factory.

* fábrica de cerveza = brewery.

* fábrica de conservas = cannery.

* fábrica de diplomados = diploma mill.

* fábrica de laminación de acero = steel mill.

* fábrica de licenciados = diploma mill.

* fábrica de muebles = furniture factory.

* fábrica de papel = paper mill, pulp and paper mill.

* fábrica de tejidos de algodón = mill, cotton mill.

* fábrica de titulados = diploma mill.

* fábrica de toneles = cooperage.

* fábrica textil = mill.

* máquina de fábrica = manufacturing equipment.

* perforado de fábrica = pre-drilled.

* propietario de una fábrica textil = wool-factor.

* trabajador de fábrica = factory worker, factory hand.

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femenino factory

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* * *

A (planta industrial) factory

fábrica de zapatos/muebles shoe/furniture factory

fábrica de textiles textile mill

fábrica de papel paper mill

fábrica de cerveza brewery

fábrica de conservas canning plant

un defecto de fábrica a manufacturing defect

B ( Const) stonework

una pared de fábrica a stone wall

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3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

◊ fábrica en cadena/serie to mass-produce;

◊ una fábrica de zapatos a shoe factory;

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fábrica nf

1. [establecimiento industrial] factory;

viene instalado de fábrica it's pre-installed;

tiene un defecto de fábrica it has a manufacturing defect;

es así de fábrica it's like that when you buy it

fábrica de conservas canning plant, cannery;

Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre = Spanish national mint;

fábrica de papel paper mill;

fábrica siderúrgica iron and steelworks [singular]

2. [construcción] [ladrillo] brickwork;

un muro de fábrica [de ladrillo] a brick wall;

* * *

1 plant, factory;

en fábrica COM de precio ex works

2 ARQUI stonework;

de fábrica stone atr

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fábrica nf

factoría: factory

* * *

fábrica n factory [pl. factories]

Si se trata de una fábrica de azúcar, de papel o textil se suele llamar mill

comb [kəʊm]

1 noun

(a) (for hair) peigne m; (large-toothed) démêloir m;

∎ to run a comb through one's hair, to give one's hair a comb se donner un coup de peigne, se peigner

(b) (for horses) étrille f

(c) Textiles (for cotton, wool) peigne m, carde f; Electricity balai m

(d) (of fowl) crête f; (on helmet) cimier m

(e) (honeycomb) rayon m de miel

2 transitive verb

(a) (hair) peigner;

∎ he combed his hair il s'est peigné;

∎ I combed the girl's hair j'ai peigné la fille

(b) (horse) étriller

(c) Textiles (cotton, wool) peigner, carder;

∎ combed cotton coton m peigné

(d) figurative (search) fouiller, ratisser;

∎ the police combed the area for clues la police a passé le quartier au peigne fin ou a ratissé le quartier à la recherche d'indices;

∎ she combed the book for references to the crisis elle a passé le livre au peigne fin ou au crible pour trouver des références à la crise

➲ comb out separable transitive verb

(a) (hair) peigner; (untangle) démêler

(b) Textiles (cotton, wool) peigner

(c) (fleas) retirer avec un peigne

(d) figurative (remove) éliminer

"fabric, web;

Gewebe;

tecido"

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m fabric, material

tessuto di lana wool

tessuti pl fabrics, material sg

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tessuto s.m.

1 (tess.) cloth, fabric, material, stuff; ( tessuti) textiles (pl.): tessuto a maglia, knitted fabric; tessuto a quadretti, checked fabric; tessuto a righe, striped fabric; un tessuto costoso, an expensive material; tessuto di cotone, lana, seta, cotton, woollen, silk fabric; tessuto fantasia, patterned cloth (o fabric); tessuto felpato, plush; tessuto misto, ( lana e cotone) union; tessuto non tessuto, ( prodotto con macchine diverse dal telaio) nonwoven fabric; tessuto per scarpe, shoe fabric; tessuto pettinato, worsted fabric; tessuto spigato, twill (weave); fabbrica di tessuti, textile factory; fabbricante di tessuti, cloth manufacturer; negozio di tessuti, draper's (shop); negoziante di tessuti, draper

2 ( disposizione dei fili) texture

3 (biol.) tissue: tessuto connettivo, epiteliale, muscolare, adiposo, connective, epithelial, muscular, adipose tissue // (bot.) tessuto vascolare, vasculose

4 (fig.) tissue, web: un tessuto di menzogne, a tissue (o web) of lies // il tessuto urbano, the fabric of the city: inserire aree verdi nel tessuto urbano, to incorporate open spaces into the fabric of the city // tessuto sociale, social structure (o fabric).

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participio passato tessere

aggettivo woven

sostantivo maschile

1) (stoffa) fabric, material, cloth, textile

2) biol. tissue

3) fig. tissue, weaving, fabric

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tessuto

/tes'suto/

I participio passato

 →  tessere

II aggettivo

 woven; tessuto a mano hand-woven

III sostantivo m.

 1 (stoffa) fabric, material, cloth, textile; tessuto di lana, cotone wool(len), cotton cloth; - i sintetici synthetic materials o fabrics; commerciare in -i to deal in textiles; negozio di -i draper's shop

 2 biol. tissue; un campione di tessuto a tissue sample; tessuto osseo bone tissue

 3 fig. tissue, weaving, fabric; un tessuto di menzogne a tissue o weaving of lies; tessuto urbano urban fabric; tessuto sociale the fabric of society, social fabric.

1 combing.

2 carding, back-combing.

past participle of spanish verb: cardar.

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► nombre masculino

1 (carda) carding

2 (del cabello) backcombing

► participio pasado

1→ link=cardar cardar

► nombre masculino cardado

1 (carda) carding

2 (del cabello) backcombing

* * *

= carding.

Nota: Acción de cardar fibras textiles como algodón, lino, cáñamo, etc.

Ex. Again, in Class M7 Textiles we find that the Personality facet P is considered to be the Fibre (Cotton, Flax, Hemp, etc) and in the Energy facet are found the operations (Spinning, Weaving, carding, etc.).

* * *

= carding.

Nota: Acción de cardar fibras textiles como algodón, lino, cáñamo, etc.

* * *

carding

* * *

♦ adj

1. [lana] carded

2. [pelo] teased, Br backcombed

♦ nm

1. [de lana] carding

2. [del pelo] teasing, Br backcombing

(n.) = textiles

Ex. Again, in Class M7 textiles we find that the Personality facet P is considered to be the Fibre (Cotton, Flax, Hemp, etc) and in the Energy facet are found the operations (Spinning, Weaving, Carding, etc.).

* * *

1) (impression) Abdruck, der; (fingerprint) Fingerabdruck, der

2) (printed lettering) Gedruckte, das; (typeface) Druck, der

3) (published or printed state)

4) (printed picture or design) Druck, der

5) (Photog.) Abzug, der; (Cinemat.) Kopie, die

6) (Textiles) (cloth with design) bedruckter Stoff

1) drucken [Buch, Zeitschrift, Geldschein usw.]

2) (write) in Druckschrift schreiben

3) (cause to be published) veröffentlichen [Artikel, Roman, Ansichten usw.]

4) (Photog.) abziehen; (Cinemat.) kopieren

5) (Textiles) bedrucken [Stoff]

- print out

* * *

1) (a mark made by pressure: a footprint; a fingerprint.) der Abdruck

2) (printed lettering: I can't read the print in this book.) der Druck

3) (a photograph made from a negative: I entered three prints for the photographic competition.) der Abzug

4) (a printed reproduction of a painting or drawing.) der Druck

1) (to mark (letters etc) on paper (by using a printing press etc): The invitations will be printed on white paper.) drucken

2) (to publish (a book, article etc) in printed form: His new novel will be printed next month.) drucken

3) (to produce (a photographic image) on paper: He develops and prints his own photographs.) abziehen

4) (to mark designs on (cloth etc): When the cloth has been woven, it is dyed and printed.) bedrucken

5) (to write, using capital letters: Please print your name and address.) in Druckbuchstaben schreiben

•

- printer

* * *

I. n

1. (lettering) Gedruckte(s) nt

bold \print Fettdruck m

in large \print in Großschrift

the small [or fine] \print das Kleingedruckte

to write sth in \print etw in Druckschrift schreiben

2. no pl (printed form) Druck m

to appear in \print veröffentlicht [o gedruckt] werden

to be in/out of \print erhältlich/vergriffen sein

to get into \print erscheinen, gedruckt werden

to go out of \print nicht mehr gedruckt [o aufgelegt] werden

to put sth into \print etw in Druck geben

to rush sth into \print etw schnell veröffentlichen

3. (printed media)

▪ the \prints pl die Presse kein pl

▪ in \print in der Presse

4. (photo) Abzug m, Kopie f; (film) Kopie f; (reproduction) Kopie f; (copy of artwork) Druck m

5. (pattern) [Druck]muster nt

floral \print Blumenmuster nt

6. (footprint) Fußabdruck m; ( fam: fingerprint) Fingerabdruck m

to leave \prints Fingerabdrücke hinterlassen

to take sb's \prints jds Fingerabdrücke nehmen

II. n modifier (concerning media) (industry, sales, worker) Druck-

\printmaker Grafiker(in) m(f)

\print scandal Presseskandal m

\print union Druckergewerkschaft f

III. vt

▪ to \print sth

1. TYPO etw drucken

to \print a magazine/newspaper eine Zeitschrift/Zeitung herausgeben

2. PUBL etw veröffentlichen; (in magazine, newspaper) etw abdrucken

to be \printed in hardback in gebundener Ausgabe erscheinen

to \print a special issue eine Sonderausgabe herausbringen

to \print only lies nur Lügen drucken

to \print the truth about sb/sth die Wahrheit über jdn/etw veröffentlichen

3. COMPUT etw ausdrucken

4. PHOT etw abziehen, von etw dat einen Abzug machen

5. (on fabric) etw bedrucken

\printed by hand handbedruckt

to \print a pattern on sth etw mit einem Muster bedrucken, ein Muster auf etw akk [auf]drucken

6. (write by hand) etw in Druckschrift [o Druckbuchstaben] schreiben

please \print your name below your signature schreiben Sie bitte ihren Namen in Druckbuchstaben unter ihre Unterschrift

IV. vi

1. (be in preparation) sich akk im Druck befinden

the book is \printing das Buch ist im Druck

2. (make copy) drucken

to \print in black and white/colour in schwarzweiß/Farbe drucken

3. (write in unjoined letters) in Druckschrift [o Druckbuchstaben] schreiben

to \print clearly/sloppily deutlich/unleserlich schreiben

* * *

1. n

1) (= typeface, characters) Schrift f; (= printed matter) Gedruckte(s) nt

2) (= picture) Druck m

3) (PHOT) Abzug m, Kopie f; (of cinema film) Kopie f

4) (= fabric) bedruckter Stoff; (= cotton print) Kattun m; (= dress) bedrucktes Kleid; (of cotton) Kattunkleid nt

5) (= impression of foot, hand etc) Abdruck m

2. vt

1) book, design, money drucken; (COMPUT) (aus)drucken; fabric bedrucken

2) (= publish) story, picture veröffentlichen

3) (= write in block letters) in Druckschrift schreiben

4) (PHOT) abziehen

5)

3. vi

1) (printer, printing machine) drucken

2) (= write in block letters) in Druckschrift schreiben

* * *

print [prınt]

A v/t

1. drucken (lassen), in Druck geben:

print in italics kursiv drucken;

print waste makulieren

2. ein Buch etc verlegen, herausgeben

3. (ab)drucken:

printed form Vordruck m, Formular n;

printed matter, printed paper(s pl) Postwesen: Drucksache(n) f(pl);

printed circuit ELEK gedruckter Schaltkreis

4. bedrucken:

printed (wall)paper bedruckte Tapete(n pl);

printed goods Druckstoffe

5. in Druckschrift schreiben:

printed characters Druckbuchstaben

6. einen Stempel etc aufdrücken (on dat), drücken (on auf akk), einen Eindruck, eine Spur hinterlassen (on auf dat), ein Muster etc ab-, aufdrucken, drücken (in in akk)

7. print itself sich einprägen (on sb’s mind jemandem)

8. print out

a) auch print off FOTO abziehen, kopieren

b) COMPUT ausdrucken

B v/i

1. drucken:

a) Bücher etc verlegen oder veröffentlichen

b) Abdrucke machen

c) Drucker(in) sein

2. gedruckt werden, sich im Druck befinden:

3. in Druckschrift schreiben

4. a) sich drucken lassen

b) FOTO sich abziehen lassen:

print badly schlechte Abzüge liefern

C s

1. TYPO Druck m:

a) im Druck (erschienen),

b) vorrätig (Buch);

out of print vergriffen

2. TYPO Druck m (Schriftart): → cold A 4 b

3. Druckschrift f, -buchstaben pl

4. Drucksache f, -schrift f, besonders US Zeitung f, Blatt n:

daily prints bes US Tageszeitungen;

the prints pl bes US die Presse;

rush into print sich in die Öffentlichkeit flüchten;

appear in print im Druck erscheinen

5. Aufdruck m

6. Druck m (Bild etc)

7. Druck m:

a) (Stahl-, Kupfer) Stich m, Radierung f

b) Holzschnitt m

c) Lithografie f

8. Zeitungspapier n

9. (etwas) Geformtes, Stück n (geformte) Butter

10. (Finger- etc) Abdruck m, Eindruck m, Spur f:

prints of steps Fußspuren oder -(s)tapfen;

print of a wheel Radspur;

print of a fox Fuchsfährte f

11. Druckmuster n

12. bedruckter Kattun, Druckstoff m:

print dress Kattunkleid n

13. FOTO Abzug m, Kopie f

14. Lichtpause f

15. TECH

a) Stempel m, Form f:

print cutter Formenschneider m

b) (Butter- etc) Form f, (-)Model m

c) Gesenk n (zum Formen von Metall)

* * *

1) (impression) Abdruck, der; (fingerprint) Fingerabdruck, der

2) (printed lettering) Gedruckte, das; (typeface) Druck, der

3) (published or printed state)

4) (printed picture or design) Druck, der

5) (Photog.) Abzug, der; (Cinemat.) Kopie, die

6) (Textiles) (cloth with design) bedruckter Stoff

1) drucken [Buch, Zeitschrift, Geldschein usw.]

2) (write) in Druckschrift schreiben

3) (cause to be published) veröffentlichen [Artikel, Roman, Ansichten usw.]

4) (Photog.) abziehen; (Cinemat.) kopieren

5) (Textiles) bedrucken [Stoff]

- print out

* * *

Druck -e m.

Fotoabzug m. v.

drucken v.

c black coton [kɔtɔ̃]

   a. ( = plante, fil) cotton

• coton à broder embroidery thread

• coton à repriser darning thread

• coton hydrophile cotton wool (Brit) absorbent cotton (US)

• robe de or en coton cotton dress

   b. ( = tampon) swab

c black   c. (locutions) j'ai les jambes en coton my legs feel like jelly

• c'est coton (inf) it's tricky (inf)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

✎ Le mot anglais s'écrit avec deux t.

* * *

nom masculin

1) (plante, fibre) cotton

2) ( ouate) cotton wool GB, cotton US; ( morceau d'ouate) piece of cotton wool GB ou cotton US

•

- coton hydrophile

••

* * *

1. nm

2. adj inv

* (= ardu ou délicat) (problème) tricky

* * *

coton nm

1 (plante, fibre) cotton; drap de or en coton cotton sheet;

2 ( ouate) cotton wool GB, cotton US; ( morceau d'ouate) piece of cotton wool GB ou cotton US; avoir du coton dans les oreilles lit to have cotton wool in one's ears; fig○ to be cloth-eared; un coton imbibé d'eau a cotton swab ou a piece of cotton wool GB soaked in water.

coton à broder Cout embroidery thread ou cotton; coton démaquillant make-up remover pad; coton hydrophile cotton wool GB, absorbent cotton US.

filer un mauvais coton ( être en mauvaise santé) to be in a bad way; élever un enfant dans du coton to give a child a very sheltered upbringing; elle est coton○, ta question it's a tricky ou complicated question; j'ai les jambes en coton ( après un choc) my legs have turned to jelly; ( après une maladie) I am wobbly on my legs.

[kɔtɔ̃] nom masculin

1. BOTANIQUE [fibre, culture] cotton

[plante] cotton plant

2. TEXTILES [tissu] cotton

[fil] (cotton) thread, piece of cotton

3. [ouate]

4. [tampon de ouate] cotton wool pad (UK), cotton pad (US)

————————

[kɔtɔ̃] adjectif

(familier) tough, tricky

ouate [ˈwat]

cotton wool (Brit), cotton (US) ; (pour rembourrage) wadding

* * *

1) ( de pharmacie) cotton wool GB, cotton US

2) ( garniture) wadding

* * *

1) (pour soins) cotton wool Grande-Bretagne cotton USA (ouate hydrophile) cotton wool Grande-Bretagne absorbent cotton USA

2) (= bourre) padding, wadding

* * *

ouate nf

1 Pharm cotton wool GB, cotton US;

2 Tex wadding; ouate de cellulose cellulose wadding; doublé d'ouate wadded.

ouate chirurgicale Pharm surgical cotton wool GB, surgical cotton US; ouate hydrophile Pharm cotton wool GB, absorbent cotton US.

[wat] nom féminin

1. [coton] cotton wool

2. TEXTILES wadding, padding

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles, Weapons and armour

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The son of a prosperous farmer, Eli Whitney as a teenager showed more interest in mechanics than school work. At the age of 15 he began an enterprise business manufacturing nails in his father's workshop, even having to hire help to fulfil his orders. He later determined to acquire a university education and, his father having declined to provide funds, he taught at local schools to obtain the means to attend Leicester Academy, Massachusetts, in preparation for his entry to Yale in 1789. He graduated in 1792 and then decided to study law. He accepted a position in Georgia as a tutor that would have given him time for study; this post did not materialize, but on his journey south he met General Nathanael Greene's widow and the manager of her plantations, Phineas Miller (1764–1803). A feature of agriculture in the southern states was that the land was unsuitable for long-staple cotton but could yield large crops of green-seed cotton. Green-seed cotton was difficult to separate from its seed, and when Whitney learned of the problem in 1793 he quickly devised a machine known as the cotton gin, which provided an effective solution. He formed a partnership with Miller to manufacture the gin and in 1794 obtained a patent. This invention made possible the extraordinary growth of the cotton industry in the United States, but the patent was widely infringed and it was not until 1807, after amendment of the patent laws, that Whitney was able to obtain a favourable decision in the courts and some financial return.

In 1798 Whitney was in financial difficulties following the failure of the initial legal action against infringement of the cotton gin patent, but in that year he obtained a government contract to supply 10,000 muskets within two years with generous advance payments. He built a factory at New Haven, Connecticut, and proposed to use a new method of manufacture, perhaps the first application of the system of interchangeable parts. He failed to supply the firearms in the specified time, and in fact the first 500 guns were not delivered until 1801 and the full contract was not completed until 1809.

In 1812 Whitney made application for a renewal of his cotton gin patent, but this was refused. In the same year, however, he obtained a second contract from the Government for 15,000 firearms and a similar one from New York State which ensured the success of his business.

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